The assignment:
- Does the curriculum cover all of the knowledge and skills necessary for success in
college core curriculum courses in the subject area? Are the necessary content and skills
covered in sufficient depth to prepare students for college? (If there are gaps, please
identity specific areas.) Will the adoption of this curriculum lead to a higher level of
college preparation for Georgia high school graduates?
- Is it consistent with our expectations for entering freshman?
- Are the content and tasks accurate and relevant? (Be specific in identifying and
describing any strengths and weaknesses.)
- Does the alignment of content and skills within and across grade levels appear to be
appropriate?
The Response:
The Academic Advisory Committee on Physics and Astronomy commends the Georgia Department
of Education for its efforts in establishing a standards-based curriculum focused on analytic
and critical thought. This is a considerable improvement on the previous QCC which consisted
mainly of content essentially in the form of a laundry list. Moreover, the QCC's selection
of content for early grades was weak in the area of age-appropriateness.
The general content listed in the GPS covers all the core areas of physics: mechanics,
electricity and magnetism, wave behavior, thermal physics, basic atomic and nuclear physics,
basic gravitation and astrophysics. All of us in higher education will be delighted to
receive students with the capability to observe, analyze, calculate, and communicate
effectively on topics in physics and physical science. It is not necessary that students
should arrive in our classrooms knowing all there is to know; it is more important that
they arrive with a minimum of misconception, and with a maximum of intellectual preparation.
Of course, the major unknown is the effectiveness with which these goals can be achieved in
the K-12 classrooms.
A prerequisite to achieving the GSP's goals is that they should be clearly and carefully
articulated. It was particularly gratifying to us that the committee preparing the GPS made
extensive use of nationally-recognized performance standards such as those created by AAAS.
However, in reviewing the document, we identified several places where we believe revision is
warranted for the purpose of clarity and correction; as well, we identified several points of
concern regarding the balance between qualitative and quantitative emphases in the content
sections. These are listed below:
- On page 2 of the physics description, "Motion" should be replaced by "Laws of Motion" in
the "Major Concepts/ Skills" section; {The corresponding Physical Science section gets this
more nearly correct.}
- The term "assess" is vague and unclear; his deduction is that it apparently means
"experimentally determine" (but not "to measure"). {In some cases, such as that of dealing
experimentally with Coulomb's Law, the less specific terminology may be appropriate. See below.}
- The standards, or at least the examples, disproportionately emphasize "Habits of Mind."
- Some of the content standards may not be achievable with practical hands-on methods.
A specific example is the detailed examination of Coulomb's Law to "...assess the relationship
between force, charge, and distance..." {The method of hanging a pair of charged spheres---e.g.,
graphite-coated ping-pong balls---can demonstrate the force and distance parts, but I have no
idea how to quantitatively deal with the charge-dependence.}
- The student response samples give only weak evidence that the scientific connections are
achieved. {I noticed that my printed versions of these had the annotation "New York City
Standards" on the bottom of the pages.}
- For example, he points out: "...on page 8 of the physics draft, there is the statement
'The change of motion of an object is proportional to the applied force and inversely
proportional to the mass.' In the AAAS document, there is verbiage above this to explain
what is meant by motion and change.... "The correct version of this statement should be
'The time rate of change of the velocity of an object is proportional to the applied
force and inversely proportional to the mass.'"
- He also points out that "motion" is not defined.
- "Page 9 of the physics draft, benchmark at top of page: 'Accelerating electric charges
produce electromagnetic waves around them.' Technically true... "It would be better to say
'Electromagnetic waves are produced by accelerating electric charges'."
- "Page 10 of the physics draft, near the top of the page: 'Students will analyze the
relationship between the conservation of electric charge and the efficiency of electrical
systems.. I have no idea what this means..." {Nor do I.}
- "Page 7 of the physics draft, benchmark: 'Heat energy in a material consists of the
disordered motions of its atoms or molecules.' Unfortunately, this same thing is in the
physical science benchmarks, as well as a few other places. The AAAS was furthering an
ignorance of basic science when they wrote this one..." {The heat nerve! The HyperPhysics
website has a little history on this issue:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heat.html#c1 }
- "Page 8 of the physics draft, benchmark: 'Power is a force applied to an object for a
given distance over a period of time.' No, not quite. ...It should be 'Power is the change
in energy of a system per unit time.'"
- "Page 4 of the middle grade draft: 'Convection is not so much an independent means for
heat transfer as it is an aid to transfer of heat by conduction and radiation.' ... (this)
relegate(s) convection to something less than a method of heat transfer."
- "Page 10 of the middle grades draft, benchmark: 'Stars can be classified according to
their color and temperature (The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram).' ... "Temperature and color
are the same thing. ... "An H-R diagram plots temperature versus luminosity (brightness).
Thus, the statement should be 'Stars can be classified according to their temperature and
brightness (The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram).'"